Soyuz TM-16

Launch & orbit data: Designation  22319 / 93005A Launch date - time  24 Jan 1993 - 05:58:05 UT Launch site  Baikonur, LC1 Launch vehicle  Soyuz 11A511U2 OKB name - S/Nº  Soyuz 7K-STM (11F732) s/n° 101 Mass (kg)  7.150 Call Sign  Vulkan (Volcano) Earth orbit on :    - Perigee / Apogee  393 / 394 km    - Inclination  51.6°    - Period  92.4 min

Docking & landing data: Docking date - time  26 Jan 1993 - 07:31:17 UT Target spacecraft/port  Mir/Kristall Undocking date - time  22 Jul 1993 - 03:00:30 UT Deorbit burn date - time  22 Jul 1993 - 05:46:40 UT separate: 06:14:59 UT Landing date - time  22 Jul 1993 - 06:41:50 UT Landing location  145 km E of Dzheskasgan 47° 23' N, 69° 22' E Flight Duration (d:hr:min)  179:00:44 Nbr orbits   Landing crew  Manakov, Poleshchuk, Haigneré  (crew TM-16 & TM-17)

Crew (EO-13):

Flight crew

Backup Crew

Mir - Terminal in Space - Credit: NASA.

Mir modules in assembly hall - Credit: RKK Energia.

• experiments in biology, astronomy, materials science and earth science; both cosmonauts performed two EVA's on 19.04.1993 (5h 25m) and on 18.06.1993 (4h 33m); installation of Kvant 1 solar array drive unit with some technical problems; Earth observation with special cameras; supplies with cargo space ships Progress M-16 - M-18.
• Transported to the Mir manned orbital station a crew of the thirteenth main expedition comprising the cosmonauts G M Manakov and A F Poleschuk. The Soyuz carried the APAS androgynous docking system instead of the usual probe system.

Astrophilately covers:

Launch cancel Baikonur and special Baikonur-Kazakstan cancel.

Cosmic Mail: Cover on board of Mir, with 2 Mir boardcancel, date boardcancel: 260793, signed by the crew.

Landing cancel Arkalik and special helicopter cancel.